The development of maritime technology has driven innovation in various aspects, including the use of Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs). In the maritime sector, USVs provide significant advantages in terms of operational efficiency and risk reduction for humans, especially in dangerous missions such as extreme water exploration, environmental monitoring, and military operations. The technology is also growing as the need for ocean monitoring, resource exploration and maritime security increases.
USV is an unmanned vehicle technology that can be operated on water surfaces such as rivers, lakes, canals and other types of waters. The size of a USV can be as small as a toy boat or vary as large as an oil tanker. Some USV technologies have been developed with GPS tracking systems, ISR Systems, IEEE Robotic, Sonar and other sensor technologies that allow USVs to operate independently. The operation of USV technology is carried out remotely so that it can reduce the level of safety risk of surveyors on duty in the field.
Only controlled by a few people, USVs can be used in data collection processes such as construction work or building infrastructure near the water or under the water surface. In operation, surveyors can determine the USV route using USB pilot software and collect data with high accuracy. The USV can be controlled automatically by giving several commands such as waypoints through GCS (Ground Control Station) and sending data to GCS in real time. USV can be used for various purposes including water surveying, climate monitoring, naval operations, search operations and more.
USV components:
- Motor: The motor is used as a propeller drive on the USV vehicle.
- Propeller: The propeller is used to generate thrust on the vehicle so that it can move. The propeller is driven by a motor on the vehicle.
- Rudder: Rudder is used to steer the vehicle/change the direction of the vehicle. The rudder that has been connected to the remote control receiver is driven by the user via remote control.
- Remote Control: Remote control is used to control the motion and direction of motion of the USV vehicle. Because the vehicle to be made does not use an autopilot control system, it is very necessary to have the right remote control so that the vehicle can be controlled properly.
- Battery: The battery is used as a power source for the motor of the USV. The battery is used as a power source for the acoustic sensor. This battery is placed on the center hull of the vehicle.
How USV Work
Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USV) are equipped with sophisticated navigation and control systems that enable them to operate autonomously or under remote supervision. These vehicles typically utilize a navigation system that incorporates GPS for precise positioning, allowing operators to input waypoints specific locations the USV should travel to via a Ground Control Station (GCS). The USV autonomously follows these waypoints, making real-time adjustments to its course as necessary. Many USVs are outfitted with autopilot systems, such as ArduPilot, which facilitate various operational modes, including auto, manual, and guided navigation.
In addition to navigation, USVs are equipped with an array of sensors, such as sonar and cameras, enabling them to collect valuable data during their missions. This data is transmitted back to the GCS in real-time through telemetry systems, ensuring that operators remain informed about the vehicle’s status and surroundings. Advanced USVs may also integrate technologies like LIDAR for obstacle detection and avoidance, enhancing their ability to navigate complex environments safely
USV strengths and weaknesses
Strengths:
- USV not only has the advantage of being an unmanned vehicle, but the USV ship itself is very strong, stable, fast and can easily hide.
- These advantages of Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) can be used in waters that cannot be traversed by crewed vessels, including high-threat environments or areas that have been contaminated with nuclear, biological or chemical agents.
- USVs are capable of operating for longer periods without fatigue, making them ideal for long-term surveying and monitoring.
Weaknesses
- Battery life is a challenge, especially for long-term missions in remote locations.
- High Initial Cost. The initial investment for USV technology is often quite high, which may be an obstacle for some users.
- Operators need specialized training to operate sophisticated software and hardware, adding complexity to their use. Roboboat type USVs are still controlled by a pilot using a remote control (RC) so a pilot must be on standby to know the movements of the roboboat
